Stanhope from Journeys End by RC Sheriff Essay - 684 Words

Stanhope from Journeys End Stanhope provides the most obvious candidate for the accolade of â€Å"hero† in Journey’s End: R.C.Sherriff has included many themes in Journey’s End; a play portraying the reality of trench warfare. Some of these include Comradeship, The horrors of war, Heroism and Relationships. My essay will be focusing mainly on the theme of heroism. The audience relate the word â€Å"hero† with mainly one character in the play. But the word hero has many positive connotations. A hero could be a person who â€Å"saves the day† or is a hero in somebody else’s eyes or maybe even his personality and how he interacts with other characters could also give him the status of being a hero. There are many aspects of Stanhope†¦show more content†¦Even though there are some conflicts between Raleigh and Stanhope through out the play, the audience don’t see Raleigh changing his mind about Stanhope being a hero. One of the most memorable dramatic events between Raleigh and Stanhope is the scene where Stanhope forces Raleigh to give him his letter. â€Å"D’you understand an order? Give me that letter!† Stanhope becomes furious at Raleigh and demands to see letter. Even after this argument audience don’t really see a change in Raleigh’s opinion about Stanhope being his hero. R.C Sherriff also cleverly manipulates the character. We are confused about the relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope, until the end of the play. The audience are made to think that Stanhope doesn’t really care about Raleigh, but right at the end of the play there is a twist. Stanhope’s true feelings are shown towards Raleigh, when he is dying, and the audience are made aware of the fact that Raleigh was correct in thinking of Stanhope as his hero! Also the name â€Å"Stanhope† could be symbolic of the fact that Stanhope is the hero, since he gives â€Å"hope† to his company and to all the men. The soldiers are influenced by him and the audience come to see Stanhope as a very fine and hard working commander of the company. Not only does Raleigh think of Stanhope as a hero but some of his men might also see Stanhope as a hero in their eyes. Stanhope is also correctlyShow MoreRelated Journeys End by R.C. Sheriff Essay2400 Words   |  10 Pages Journeys End by R.C. Sheriff R. C. Sherriff created characters that aid the audiences understanding of war through their emotions and dialogue. Each character generates an intensive atmosphere and prompts differing emotions and thoughts from the audience, expressing different feelings and reactions towards war, which all aggregate to the same thing, the fear that they are all going to die sooner than later. The play was written to make people contemplate the futility of war. World

Abortion Is The Killing Of A Pregnancy After Conception

Many women may get pregnant at a time of their life where they may not be able to take care of a child. An option for these women is to give their child up for adoption or to have an abortion. Everyone has a different opinion on abortions whether or not it’s the right or wrong thing to do.† Every single day silent deaths are happening amongst Americans. Every single year, this silent horror kills about as many Americans as have been killed on all the battlefields in all of the wars in U.S. history combined (Snyder, 2012)†. Abortion has been around for many years but has also been such a touchy subject. An abortion is the killing of a pregnancy after conception. This action allows for women to end their pregnancies. Many people feel that abortion may be ok under certain circumstances while others feel that it shouldn’t be allowed at all. People who feel that abortion should be ok is if a women can’t support the baby, relationship problems with the othe r half, and because they feel that they have made a mistake. In my opinion I am against abortion. It is wrong to take an innocent life away. Over the years, laws and attitudes concerning abortion have changed and it has become a very well talked about topic. Abortion had been an illegal act for many years. It had become illegal in 1973 in a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court decided that the right to an abortion was part of a woman s right to privacy. This had been called the Roe vs Wade act. The U.S. Supreme Court,Show MoreRelatedAbortion Is The Moral Killing Of A Human Being1712 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent aspects towards abortion. Some may argue that abortion should be outlawed and treated like the murder of a human being while others believe abortion should remain a legal choice to all women. The ones who are for abortion have argued that women have a moral right to decide what to do with their own bodies. On the other hand, the ones against abortion like myself have argued that the fetus is a human being from the moment of conception. Therefore, abortion is the moral killing of an innocent humanRead MoreAbortion Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesJanuary 22, 1973 abortion was legalized in the U.S., all 50 states. That is wh en everything changed the way people thought; the way people acted, and treated themselves. Most people then though it was okay for abortion to take place since it was legalized, which is not the case. My view on abortion is different than the way others may view it. Abortion to me is harmful, extremely horrible, and very saddening. Many may use it as an escape route and think it is okay but it’s not, you’re killing a human. Read MoreAbortion Is The Ending Of A Pregnancy1748 Words   |  7 Pageswomen will go through the pregnancy, but a lot of them will resort to abortion. Abortion is the ending of a pregnancy (Vaughn 293). There are three different types of abortion: spontaneous abortion, induced abortion, and therapeutic abortion. Spontaneous abortion is an abortion due to natural causes, like birth defects or injury (a miscarriage). Induced abortion is the the intentional termination of pregnancy through drugs or surgery. Therapeutic abortion is an abortion perfor med to preserve to lifeRead MoreJackson Kruger. Mrs. Hooks. English 11. 29 January 2017.1479 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 11 29 January 2017 The Right to Live Abortion is one of the most controversial issues among American Citizens. Many Americans believe that life begins when a child is conceived while others insist that a child is not alive until a few months into the pregnancy. Although supporters for abortion agree that life begins during a few months into the pregnancy, they support abortion until around twenty-two weeks. This contradiction of beliefs among abortion supporters sparks anger with those who areRead MoreA contemporary ethical issue which raises many diverse views and perspectives worldwide is1600 Words   |  7 PagesA contemporary ethical issue which raises many diverse views and perspectives worldwide is abortion. The Catholic Church defines abortion as â€Å"the direct and purposeful taking of the life of the unborn child. In principle, Catholic Christians believe that all life is sacred from conception until natural death, and the taking of innocent human life, whether born or unborn, is morally wrong.† As the Catholic Church teaches, Human life is sacred because from its beginning it involves the creativeRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion Essay777 Words   |  4 Pageswhole future is demolished. In today society, the issue of abortion is very controversial in the United States. Abortion is the ending of the early pregnancy. Many people said that aborting or killing an unwanted child is should be against the law. E veryone has the right to live, whether it’s a fetus, an embryo or just a newly fertilized egg; Abortion is a murder, and it should be illegal because it’s killing a helpless human being. Abortion is one of usual medical procedures performed in the U.S.Read MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1334 Words   |  6 PagesShanieqka Manuel Professor Rockette-Rogers English 1102 23 July 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal? In Gwendolyn Brooks’ poem â€Å"the Mother† the entire theme was based on abortion. A mother was not emotionally or mentally ready to have children, so she did what needed to be done; she aborted. This poem was written in 1945 and still today’s society still has objections on pro-choice. On January 22, 1973 the US Supreme Court ruled that abortion is a fundamental right that was guaranteed by the US Constitution. InRead MorePro-Life versus Pro-Choice627 Words   |  3 Pages Pro-Life V. Pro-Choice Should humans maintain the right to terminate or end a defenseless unborn child’s life? Abortion, the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to terminate pregnancy ranks as the greatest arguments in society today. Someone described as â€Å"pro-life† means they disapprove of abortion. These people believe in the right to life. Imagine what the innocent children that died could have been today. Possibly, there might have resulted a cure to cancer or other seriousRead MoreAbortion : Is It Morally Acceptable?1640 Words   |  7 PagesDay one, the most important day of any person’s life. The day of conception in which a simple cell becomes a growing human being. Time begins to pass on and the child begins to develop everything they need to survive in the world. In merely a few months the darkness will begin to fade away and the bright light will finally come into view for the child. What was just a simple cell not too long ago has now blossomed in to a human being, but is this child technically alive? Is it morally acceptable to

Atom Model Evolution Essay Example For Students

Atom Model Evolution Essay The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved withcontribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first tocome up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that thestructure of an atom is mainly a sphere. A sphere that is filled with positiveelectronic field and contains tiny particles that has a negative charge. Hecalled the tiny particles corpuscles. Thomsons model of the atom isoften refer as the plum pudding model because it has a consistency that isall the same throughout the whole atom with a few plums to represent the tinycorpuscles. Thomsons modern was widely accepted by people all over the world. It was such an amazing discovery that his model led to other amazing developmentof the modern model of the atom. Earnest Rutherford who was JJ Thomsonsstudents, contributed greatly to the evolution of the modern model of an atom. Rutherfords Gold Foil experiment was supposed to support and better provethat Thomsons model of an atom was correct. Instead, Rutherford discoveredthe existence of a nucleus in an atom. The Gold Foil experiment had threefounding; all were expected except for one. Rutherford found that a very fewalpha particles (1 out of 8000) was deflected by more than 90. This foundingproves that at the center of the atom was a super dense nucleus and totallydestroys the Thomson model. Rutherfords model of the atom wasnt as widelyaccepted as Thomsons model because there were still few people who supportthe Thomson model no matter what. Physics

The United Nations and the International System

Introduction After the World War I, the focus of nations that were engaging in the war was to enhance international peace through the establishment of the League of Nations. Its primary goal was to prevent the emergence of another war by enhancing collective security through disarmament plans and/or settling probable international disagreements via arbitration and negotiations (Adsera Boix 2002, p. 231).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Nations and the International System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organisation was also handling other tasks such as steering labour conditions, addressing issues of human trafficking, trafficking of weaponry, enhancing international wellbeing, and protecting the civil liberties of the minorities. The League of Nations collapsed later in the mid 1940 when it failed to prevent the emergence of the Second World War. After the war, the United Nations replaced the L eague of Nations. Later, several programmes and international organisations such as the WHO, the UN HABITAT, the UNHCR, the UNDP, and the UNICEF were developed (Taylor Groom 2000, p. 3). These organisations together with the UN comprise the international system. These paper discuses how effective the United Nations has been in maintaining a functioning international system since its creation. Before analysing this question, the paper first discusses the concept of international system followed by the functioning of the United Nations. This discussion will help in determining whether the United Nations plays any role in maintaining an effective international system. The International System An international system constitutes a collection of agencies, programmes, administrations, forums, and legal frameworks in which nations interact and work together. For instance, the World Bank and IMF form the apex of the world system of economic and financial politics and governance. An interna tional system seeks to foster the existence of good international relations. The term international relations means the collective interactions that exists between international communities. These communities include nations and individuals (Nau 2008, p.221). However, in the discussion of the role that the UN plays in international relations through the worldwide system, it is important to identify the differences between the international system and international society. The notion of international society has its roots anchored in the perspectives of the international law and classical legal establishments. From this contextual basis, the international society involves communities that engage in the practice of the international law (Buzan 2004, p.328). A system constitutes several parts, which interact harmoniously.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Harmonious interact ion implies that different components of the system depend on each other so that without strong covalent bonds, the different entities stand as lone entities. In contrast, besides being self-conscious, the society regulates itself (MacMillan Hidemi 2006, p. 97). A system encompasses the fundamental idea of international relations since it can survive without necessarily the existence of an international society. The converse is largely untrue. Cited by Buzan (2004, p.329), Bull (one of the English school authors) supports this assertion by adding that the rapid expansion of the 15th century Europe led to the emergence of an international system prior to the birth of an international society. The international system was born after bringing various isolated political communities and players close together to foster their regular interactions through the European power projections. In this sense, power is an important factor for binding the isolated components that constitute a syste m. A system cannot exist without units, which international relations discourses refer to as states. The units provide opportunities for significant interactions to occur (Dunne, Kukri Smith 2010, p. 8). Their arrangement and structure follow some common principles. The principle determines the order that is to be maintained between the units (independent political states or communities). The integration between political communities, which operate independently, includes war, migration, state of diplomacy, trade, and even the movement of ideologies. The international society relates to the perceptions of the international order. In Bull’s context, order implies social life arrangements that are aimed at establishing and promoting specific values and goals. The synonymy of international society and order introduces a vast number of possibilities of different stages of development in societies. In the extreme end, the society may constitute a collection of states that are mes hed within a network of institutions and regimes that define their conducts. In the lower end, societies may potentially comprise groups of people or political communities that are guided by common norms against key issues such as seizures or murdering emissaries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The United Nations and the International System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, a discussion of the effectiveness of the United Nations in fostering the existence of an international system also involves consideration of the role of the UN in enhancing good international relations between international societies since an international system is a necessary premise for the existence of an international system. The Functioning of the UN The UN comprises 192 member states, which theoretically have equal voices in the organisation (Fasulo 2004, p. 45; Lowe 2008, p. 32). The organisation enacted the universal decl aration of human rights in 1948. The pronouncement established the rights of all people in the world. It formed the fundamentals of international human rights, which aim at enhancing the effectiveness of the international system in achieving its mandates (Brown 2009, p.48). Recently, it enacted the millennium development goals with the main intention of putting in place mechanisms of poverty eradication and enhancing equality by 2015. How effective are the millennium development goals in the creation of an effective international system? Have they been realised through the UN system? The basic dimensions and institutional processes for the international system shape the activities and the functioning of the UN (Young 1998, p.902). The UN constitutes an important player in the international system. It has the capability to influence its own operational environment. Indeed, as Young (1998, p.902) confirms, ‘throughout the history of the United Nations, the impact of the systemâ €™s environment on the organisation has far surpassed the impact of the organisation on the system’. Instead of the environment, which constitutes the member states that influence the UN, it influences the conduct of the environment where some member states are greatly or less affected by it. This situation creates inequalities in the environment. This observation implies that it functions as a major player in the world of politics (Weiss, Forsythe Coate 2004, p. 18). This proposition forms a basis of confusion and criticism from different scholars. For example, political realists such as Roger and Zaidi (2008, p.47) and Weiss and Daws (2007, p. 56) maintain that the UN does not play any active role in the world politics, but only functions to reflect its composition of the member states.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, the next section opposes this proposition. It maintains that the UN actively engages in the shaping of global economic and social politics. Analysis: Effectiveness of the UN in maintaining a functioning International System since its Creation Achievements of the UN are important in fostering international understanding as encapsulated in the international relations theoretical paradigms, which suggest its capacity in the creation of an effective international system. However, the organisation faces some criticisms akin to its mode of operations. The main question that global political analysts pose is whether the operations of the UN are based on its influence from nations that possess a high command as manifested through their military capability such as the US and nations that belong to the EU (Ruggie 1998, p. 14). Indeed, the organisation did nothing to curtail the occurrence of the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Gold (2004, p.103) asserts that one of the likely reasons for t he failure of the UN to intervene in preventing the deaths of 800, 000 people is because the concern failed to align with the USA and France’s strategic interest. The two states are permanent players in the UN Security Council. This claim is inappropriate in generalising the influence of powerful nations in the work of international organisations such as the UN in enhancing the existence of an effective international system. However, it sounds imperative to claim that power has effects on the operations of international organisations and their roles in enhancing the effectiveness of the international system in a bid to shape the current world order. In terms of driving the global development agenda, international organisations such as the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) exist. The two organisations were established in 1944 to shape the financial and economic order. However, Blake (2009, p.263) claims that their current functions and modalities serve the interest of parties that advocate neoliberalism. This claim suggests that the UN fails to create an effective international system that favours the contribution of all member states in terms of driving the global agenda. The main goal of establishing the WB was to loan money to the western nations that were involved in war in the effort to aid them in rebuilding their post-war torn nations. However, in subsequent years, the WB shifted its attention of lending money to nations in the developing world. Mansfield, Milner, and Rosendorff (2002, p. 479) confirm that the agenda of IMF is to ‘regulate currency exchange rates to facilitate orderly international trade as a lender of last resort when a member country experiences balance of payment difficulties and/or is unable to borrow money from other sources’. Both the WB and the IMF were established in such a manner that their operations would be neutral so that all member states could equally gain. Unfortunately, their p ractices serve the stakes of the western nations. For instance, in both institutions, the powers of voting for different nations are not determined by the population sizes of the member states, which subvert the principle of equality as explored by the English school theory. In this extent, the UN, through the WB and IMF, fails to maintain an effectively functioning international system. In the WB and IMF, voting powers are functions of political powers that nations reflect on global platforms and the amount of capital contributions. The G7 nations play the most significant roles in policy development. While each of the US, Japan, France, the Great Britain, and Germany has one director, 19 other directors are elected from about 150 member states. The tradition of the appointment of the MD for the WB is essentially to fix an American figure while that of the IMF is to fix a European figure. In case of IMF, the G7 voting power is 46 percent (Gretchen 2012, p. 18). An effective interna tional system must advocate political, economic, and social equity. With the dominance of the most powerful nations in the management and setting of policies in the international organisations, the question that emerges is whether indeed international society, as suggested by the English school, can precisely explain the interaction of states in the current world order. Many nations regard the exploration of weapons of mass destruction as a disguised attempt to ignore the international peace treaty that is presumed to constitute the general rules that bind the international societies. The need to protect the territorial integrity of a given nation from foreign superpowers in the endeavour to defend statutory individualistic ideologies, which are opposed to the collective interests of the international community, triggers this attempt (Gretchen 2012, p.852). Nationalistic interests incredibly hike the chances of the initiation of war between two or more nations. Classical realism dec lares such a war a regrettable, but unfortunate outcome in the discourse of international relations (Ross Feng 2008, p. 67). This situation is perhaps exemplified by the war between Iraq and Iran in which the two nations fought over supremacy of their nations based on their nationalistic interest to control the Gulf Region. Such individualistic interests undermine the interdependence of nations as a fundamental principle on which the international system discourse rests. In the development of the millennium development goals, the UN aims at ensuring that all states that form the international system effectively engage in resolving common problems. In 2000, the UN member states ratified the millennium development goals (MDGs). The deadline for achieving the eight MDGs was set as 2015. The eight goals included the suppression of hunger and food shortage, attainment of worldwide primary learning, women empowerment and endorsement of gender fairness, reduction of newborn death, improvi ng motherly physical condition, dealing with diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria, enhancement of environmental sustainability, and developing global partnerships to foster collective development of nations (The United Nations 2014, p. 4). With only one year remaining to the 2015 deadline, the United Nations reports that many of the goals have been met. However, others such as maternal health still lag behind, especially in the developing and low-income nations such as Indonesia and many African nations. In 1990, about half of people who live in the developing nations earned less than US $1.25 every day. However, the United Nations (2014, p.4) reports a significant reduction of extreme poverty. By 2010, the number of people earning less than US $ 1.25 reduced by 22%, which is equivalent to 700 million people. The MDG target was to reduce extreme poverty by half. Between 2011 and 2013, 173 million lesser people suffered chronic hunger compared to the period of 1990 and 1992 (The Uni ted Nations 2014, p.9). Indeed, the goal number one for MDGs was met in 2010. Goal number 2 of enhancing access and completion of primary schooling for all children faces challenges since some children live in war-torn areas. Indeed, not even one nation has reached a 100% mark, although North Africa recorded 99% enrolment by 2012 (The United Nations 2014, p.16). From the above assertions, it is also possible that even though the UN has played a central role in championing for collective development of all nations across the globe in the effort to eradicate ignorance and/or foster the development of an effective international system, challenges still remain. For instance, although the millennium development goal number three was to eliminate disparities in the access of secondary and primary education by 2005, and at all educational levels by 2015, the United Nations (2014) reports high disparities in institutions of higher learning. Women are generally underrepresented in the labour markets and political participation. However, a significant progress continues to be achieved (The United Nations 2014, p. 14). Secondly, the target for a reduction of infant mortality by more than two-thirds has not yet been achieved. However, in 2012, infant mortality reduced by more than half of the 1990 levels (The United Nations 2014, p. 15). Apart from environmental sustainability, the world has made incredible efforts towards the achievement of the other MDGs. However, success in achieving the goals is not homogenous across all nations. Some nations are still struggling with problems that have been targeted by MDGs. For example, maternal health is now an issue of national focus in Indonesia. Although the UN aims at enhancing equality and equity in access to basic requirements such as quality maternal health, such access remains ineffectively homogenous among different nations. For instance, as revealed before, in terms of promoting the effectiveness of the international syst em, one of the millennium development goals (MDGs) is to have lower than 102 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births in every nation across the globe by 2015. In 1991, Indonesia recorded 390 maternal deaths in every 100,000 live births, 228 deaths in 2007, and 220 deaths in 2010 (Belton, Myers Ngana 2014, p.1). By 2012, Indonesia had a risk of one maternal death in every 150 women, being the highest in Southeast Asia compared to one risk in every 4000 women in developed countries (Webster, 2012, p.1981). This finding suggests that the UN still suffers from its ability to enhance the development of an international system that has equity and equality in terms of healthcare accessibility. The UN aims at maintaining an effective international system by safeguarding the interest of all member states by putting in place mechanisms of enhancing good international relationships. However, it fails to ensure equal distribution of power. From the perspectives of classical realism, powe r is an important tool for maintaining peace within a unit of political community. In the context of an international system, a political community entails all nations that come together to form the UN. These nations ensure that potential threats across their borders are mitigated. In fact, this outcome is the goal of international relations, a fundamental concept that is explored by the UN. The goal is realised by putting in place sanctions to nations, which pose threats to other nations. In ensuring that nations, which pose threats to the international peace, become ineffective in their plans, international organisations, including the World Bank limit or even totally cancel funding programmes that are aimed at boosting their economic development. Through such a strategy, international organisations, which form the international system whilst acting as pillars of the UN, limit the power of nations. However, through such limitations, rivalry may emerge between nations. Interpretati on of the interplay between international relations and conduct of international organisations this way explains the influence of the US and the EU nations in terms of controlling the production of weapons of mass destruction such as the case of North Korea. This observation suggests that for international peace to prevail, the primary conduct of the UN has been to ensure that power remains within certain nations. This situation emphasises the need for interpretation of the current world order from the perspectives of the international system in which all nations have disparity levels of opinions and power to influence the UN policies. As such, the paper holds that the United Nations has not been effective in maintaining a functioning international system since its creation. Conclusion The UN and its affiliated organisations establish rules and regulations that ensure equality, international peace, and free and fair interaction in trade among other concerns. While this deliverables encompass a major stride towards maintaining an effective international system, the rules and guidelines for international organisations that constitute the international system are developed through unequal participation of all players in the system. For instance, the G7 nations have a significant power in terms of making the UN policies. This situation reflects the role of power inequality as advanced by the theory of classical realism in the development of hegemonies. Inequalities dominate international political and economic interactions. Hence, power struggles between states, as developed through international systems perspective and advanced by the classical theory of international relations, reveal that the world order is created by the most powerful nations through the UN. Hence, the UN has been ineffective in maintaining an efficient international system due to its failure to achieve certain collective commitments among member states such as some aspects of the millennium d evelopment goals and inequality in power among member states. References Adsera, A Boix, C 2002, ‘Trade, democracy and the size of the public sector: The political underpinnings of openness’, International Organisation, vol. 56 no. 2, pp. 229-262. Belton, S, Myers, B Ngana, F 2014, ‘Maternal Deaths In Eastern Indonesia: 20 Years and Still Walking: An Ethnographic Study’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol.14 no. 39, pp. 1-10. Blake, M 2006, ‘Distributive justice, state coercion and autonomy’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 257–295. Brown, C 2009, Understanding International Relations, Palgrave, Basingstoke. Buzan, B 2004, ‘From International System to International Society: Structural and Regime Theory Meet English School’, International Organisation, vol. 47 no. 3, pp. 327-352. Dunne, T, Kukri, M Smith, S 2010, International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Fasulo, L 2004, An Insider’s Guide to the UN, Tale University Press, New Haven. Gold, D 2004, Tower of Babble: How the United Nations Has Fuelled Global Chaos, Three Rivers Press, New York, NY. Gretchen, J 2012, ‘The Violent Consequences of The Nation: Nationalism and the Initiation of the Interstate War’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, vol. 56 no. 5, pp. 825-852. Lowe, V 2008, The United Nations Security Council and War: The Evolution of Thought and Practice Since 1945, Oxford University Press, Oxford. MacMillan, A Hidemi, S 2006, The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Re-assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Mansfield, E, Milner, H Rosendorff, P 2002, ‘Why Democracies Cooperate more: Electoral Control and International Trade Agreements’, International Organisation, vol. 56 no. 3, pp. 477–514. Nau, H 2008, Perspectives on International Relations: Power, Institutions, Ideas, Palgrave, New York, NY. Roger , N Zaidi, S 2008, Human Rights at the UN: The Political History of Universal Justice, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. Ross, R Feng, N 2008, China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. Ruggie, G 1998, Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalisation, Routledge, London. Taylor, P Groom, A 2000, The United Nations at the Millennium: The Principal Organs, Continuum, London. The United Nations 2014, The Millennium Development Goals Report, United Nations, New York, NY. Webster, P 2012, ‘Indonesia makes Maternal Health a National Priority’, World Report, vol. 380 no. 9858, pp. 1981-1982. Weiss, T Daws, S 2007, Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Weiss, T, Forsythe, D Coate, R 2004, The United Nations and Changing World Politics, Westview Press, Boulder CO. Young, O 1998, ‘The United Nations and the International Systemâ €™, International Organisation, vol. 22 no. 4, pp. 902-922. This essay on The United Nations and the International System was written and submitted by user Mikaela Patrick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.